Compare Niue (2003) - Holy See (Vatican City) (2004)

Compare Niue (2003) z Holy See (Vatican City) (2004)

	Niue (2003)	Holy See (Vatican City) (2004)

Administrative divisions	none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order	none
Age structure	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle	-
Airports	1 (2002)	none (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	-
Area	total: 260 sq km land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 0.44 sq km land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC	about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest.	Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, international development, the Middle East, terrorism, the failing health of Pope JOHN PAUL II, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA	revenues: $245.2 million expenditures: $260.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2002)
Capital	Alofi	Vatican City
Climate	tropical; modified by southeast trade winds	temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)
Coastline	64 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)	new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island	conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)
Currency	New Zealand dollar (NZD)	euro (EUR)
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	-
Debt - external	$418,000 (2002 est.)	-
Dependency status	self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00153 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box 66, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428 FAX: [39] (06) 575-8346
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)	chief of mission: Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Gabriel MONTALVO chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121 FAX: [1] (202) 337-4036
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)	none
Economy - overview	The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million.	This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by an annual contribution from Roman Catholic dioceses throughout the world, as well as by special collections (known as Peter's Pence); the sale of postage stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos; fees for admission to museums; and the sale of publications. Investments and real estate income also account for a sizable portion of revenue. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.
Electricity - consumption	2.79 million kWh (2001)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy
Electricity - production	3 million kWh (2001)	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m	lowest point: unnamed location 19 m highest point: unnamed location 75 m
Environment - current issues	increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification
Ethnic groups	Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)	Italians, Swiss, other
Exchange rates	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.162 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998)	euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003),1.1324 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000) head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005) election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30%	chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978) head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 1 December 1990) cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope
Exports	NA (2001)	0 kWh
Exports - commodities	canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts	-
Exports - partners	NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000)	-
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	calendar year
Flag description	yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross	two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: 55%	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	-0.3% (2000 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	19 02 S, 169 52 W	41 54 N, 12 27 E
Geography - note	one of world's largest coral islands	urban; landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights
Highways	total: 234 km paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (2001)	none; all city streets
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	NA (2001)	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy
Imports - commodities	food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs	-
Imports - partners	NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)	-
Independence	on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand	11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	tourism, handicrafts, food processing	printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps, a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities
Infant mortality rate	total: NA% male: NA% female: NA%	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (1995)	-
International organization participation	ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO	CE (observer), IAEA, ICFTU, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WIPO, WToO (observer), WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue	there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pius XII on 1 May 1946
Labor force	NA	NA
Labor force - by occupation	most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board	essentially services with a small amount of industry; note - dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km
Land use	arable land: 19.23% permanent crops: 7.69% other: 73.08% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2001)
Languages	Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English	Italian, Latin, French, various other languages
Legal system	English common law note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws	based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to it
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives) elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected	unicameral Pontifical Commission
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2003 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 95% male: NA% female: NA%	definition: NA total population: 100% male: NA female: NA
Location	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga	Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)
Map references	Oceania	Europe
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	none (landlocked)
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of New Zealand	defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City to provide security and protect the Pope
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force	Swiss Guards Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera)
National holiday	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)	Coronation Day of Pope JOHN PAUL II, 22 October (1978)
Nationality	noun: Niuean(s) adjective: Niuean	noun: none adjective: none
Natural hazards	typhoons	NA
Natural resources	fish, arable land	none
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA]	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)
Population	2,145 (July 2003 est.)	921 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	0.01% (2003 est.)	0.01% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	none
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 2 (1998)
Railways	0 km	-
Religions	Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)	Roman Catholic
Sex ratio	NA (2003 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	limited to cardinals less than 80 years old
Telephone system	domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island international: NA	general assessment: automatic exchange domestic: tied into Italian system international: country code - 39; uses Italian system
Telephones - main lines in use	376 (1991)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (1991)	NA
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	1 (1996)
Terrain	steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau	low hill
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman (2003 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	NA%	-
Waterways	none	-

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